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Vert.x URI/资源标识符模版

此次实现了级别 4 的规范。

警告	这个模块处于 Tech Preview 阶段，这意味着在不同版本之间API可能会不太一样。

使用 URI 模版

要使用此组件，请将以下依赖项添加到构建描述符的依赖项部分：

Maven（在您的`pom.xml`中）：

<dependency>
 <groupId>io.vertx</groupId>
 <artifactId>vertx-uri-template</artifactId>
 <version>4.4.0</version>
</dependency>

Gradle（在您的`build.gradle`文件中）：

compile io.vertx:vertx-uri-template:4.4.0

模版

您可以轻松创建一个模版

UriTemplate template = UriTemplate.of("http://{host}/product/{id}{?sort}");

只能创建有效的模板，任何无效的模板都会在创建时被拒绝并出现异常：

UriTemplate template = UriTemplate.of("{!invalid}}"); // Will throw an exception

模版扩展

您可以使用带有变量列表的 expandToString 以生成有效的 URI 字符串

UriTemplate template = UriTemplate.of("http://{host}/product/{id}{?sort}");
String uri = template.expandToString(Variables
  .variables()
  .set("host", "localhost")
  .set("id", "12345")
  .set("sort", "price")
);

Variables 用于保存模板扩展时所使用的变量

您可以设置一个单值变量

variables.set("server", "localhost");
variables.set("port", "8080");

您可以设置一个列表值变量

variables.set("ids", Arrays.asList("123", "456"));

您可以设置一个映射值变量

Map<String, String> query = new HashMap<>();
query.put("firstName", "Dale");
query.put("lastName", "Cooper");
variables.set("query", query);

如上所述，变量通过在模板中用大括号括起来的名称引用，例如 {host} 引用 host 变量，该扩展称为 简单字符串扩展 。

注意	还有其他的扩展样式，它们与简单的字符串扩展的区别在于它们的格式和编码。

列表扩展为逗号分隔值

UriTemplate template = UriTemplate.of("http://server.com/products?sort={sort}");
Variables variables = Variables.variables().set("sort", Arrays.asList("price", "name"))
assertEquals("http://server.com/products?sort=price,name", template.expandToString(variables));

同样，映射值扩展为逗号分隔值，例如 { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } 扩展为 "firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper" , 除非它们是带有星号修饰符的 展开值

UriTemplate template = UriTemplate.of("http://server.com/?details={details*}");
Map<String, String> details = new HashMap<>();
details.put("firstName", "Dale");
details.put("lastName", "Cooper");
Variables variables = Variables.variables().set("details", details)
assertEquals("http://server.com/?firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper", template.expandToString(variables));

模板编码

预留集以及非预留集以外的文字字符则采用百分比编码：

assertEquals("http://server.com/currency/%E2%82%AC", UriTemplate.of("http://server.com/currency/€").expandToString(variables));

简单的字符串扩展则将非预留集合之外的任何字符编码为其百分比编码等效项：

Variables variables = Variables.variables();
variables.set("currency", "€")
assertEquals("http://server.com/currency/%E2%82%AC", UriTemplate.of("http://server.com/currency/{currency}").expandToString(variables));

扩展样式

除了简单的字符串扩展，你还可以使用其他扩展方式，扩展遵循语法 '{' 运算符？变量名'}'。

简单的字符串扩展

未给出运算符时的默认扩展样式。

语法：{变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{who}	fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{unreserved}	_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{reserved}	%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{pct_encoded}	%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{x,y}	1024/y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{list}	red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{list*}	red,green,blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{map}	firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{map*}	firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{who}

fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{unreserved}

{ "reserved": "/" }

{reserved}

%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{pct_encoded}

%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{x,y}

1024/y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{list}

red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{list*}

red,green,blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{map}

firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{map*}

firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

路径段扩展

路径段扩展对于创建分层 URI 路径很有用。

语法：{/变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{/who}	/fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{/unreserved}	/_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{/reserved}	/%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{/pct_encoded}	/%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{/x,y}	/1024/y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{/list}	/red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{/list*}	/red/green/blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{/map}	/firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{/map*}	/firstName=Dale/lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{/who}

/fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{/unreserved}

{ "reserved": "/" }

{/reserved}

/%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{/pct_encoded}

/%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{/x,y}

/1024/y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{/list}

/red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{/list*}

/red/green/blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{/map}

/firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{/map*}

/firstName=Dale/lastName=Cooper

表单式查询扩展

表单式查询扩展对于创建查询字符串很有用。

语法： {?变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{?who}	?who=fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{?unreserved}	?unreserved=_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{?reserved}	?reserved=%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{?pct_encoded}	?pct_encoded=%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{?x,y}	?x=1024&y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{?list}	?list=red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{?list*}	?list=red&list=green&list=blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{?map}	?map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{?map*}	?firstName=Dale&lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{?who}

?who=fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{?unreserved}

?unreserved=_

{ "reserved": "/" }

{?reserved}

?reserved=%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{?pct_encoded}

?pct_encoded=%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{?x,y}

?x=1024&y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{?list}

?list=red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{?list*}

?list=red&list=green&list=blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{?map}

?map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{?map*}

?firstName=Dale&lastName=Cooper

表单式查询延续

表单样式的查询延续对于追加到查询字符串很有用。

语法： {&变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{&who}	&who=fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{&unreserved}	&unreserved=_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{&reserved}	&reserved=%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{&pct_encoded}	&pct_encoded=%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{&x,y}	&x=1024&y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{&list}	&list=red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{&list*}	&list=red&list=green&list=blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{&map}	&map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{&map*}	&firstName=Dale&lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{&who}

&who=fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{&unreserved}

&unreserved=_

{ "reserved": "/" }

{&reserved}

&reserved=%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{&pct_encoded}

&pct_encoded=%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{&x,y}

&x=1024&y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{&list}

&list=red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{&list*}

&list=red&list=green&list=blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{&map}

&map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{&map*}

&firstName=Dale&lastName=Cooper

预留扩展

将简单字符串扩展的允许字符集扩展到预留集和 pct 编码序列。

语法： {+变量名}
允许的字符：预留集, 非预留集以及 pct 编码序列。

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{+who}	fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{+unreserved}	_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{+reserved}	/
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{+pct_encoded}	%2F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{+x,y}	1024,y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{+list}	red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{+list*}	red,green,blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{+map}	firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{+map*}	firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{+who}

fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{+unreserved}

{ "reserved": "/" }

{+reserved}

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{+pct_encoded}

%2F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{+x,y}

1024,y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{+list}

red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{+list*}

red,green,blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{+map}

firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{+map*}

firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

片段扩展

像预留扩展一样以 # 为前缀。

语法： {#变量名}
允许的字符：预留集, 非预留集以及 pct 编码序列。

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{#who}	#fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{#unreserved}	#_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{#reserved}	#/
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{#pct_encoded}	#%2F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{#x,y}	#1024,y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{#list}	#red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{#list*}	#red,green,blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{#map}	#firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{#map*}	#firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{#who}

#fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{#unreserved}

{ "reserved": "/" }

{#reserved}

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{#pct_encoded}

#%2F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{#x,y}

#1024,y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{#list}

#red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{#list*}

#red,green,blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{#map}

#firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{#map*}

#firstName=Dale,lastName=Cooper

带点前缀的标签扩展

语法： {.变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{.who}	.fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{.unreserved}	._
{ "reserved": "/" }	{.reserved}	.%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{.pct_encoded}	.%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{.x,y}	.1024.y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{.list}	.red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{.list*}	.red.green.blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{.map}	.firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{.map*}	.firstName=Dale.lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{.who}

.fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{.unreserved}

{ "reserved": "/" }

{.reserved}

.%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{.pct_encoded}

.%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{.x,y}

.1024.y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{.list}

.red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{.list*}

.red.green.blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{.map}

.firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{.map*}

.firstName=Dale.lastName=Cooper

路径样式参数扩展

语法： {.变量名}
允许的字符：非预留集

变量	模版	URI/资源标识符
{ "who": "fred" }	{;who}	;who=fred
{ "unreserved": "_" }	{;unreserved}	;unreserved=_
{ "reserved": "/" }	{;reserved}	;reserved=%2F
{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }	{;pct_encoded}	;pct_encoded=%252F
{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }	{;x,y}	;x=1024;y=y768
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{;list}	;list=red,green,blue
{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }	{;list*}	;list=red;list=green;list=blue
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{;map}	;map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper
{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }	{;map*}	;firstName=Dale;lastName=Cooper

变量

模版

URI/资源标识符

{ "who": "fred" }

{;who}

;who=fred

{ "unreserved": "_" }

{;unreserved}

;unreserved=_

{ "reserved": "/" }

{;reserved}

;reserved=%2F

{ "pct_encoded": "%2F" }

{;pct_encoded}

;pct_encoded=%252F

{ "x": "1024", "y" : "768" }

{;x,y}

;x=1024;y=y768

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{;list}

;list=red,green,blue

{ "list": [ "red", "green", "blue" ] }

{;list*}

;list=red;list=green;list=blue

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{;map}

;map=firstName,Dale,lastName,Cooper

{ "map": { "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Cooper" } }

{;map*}

;firstName=Dale;lastName=Cooper

字符集备忘单

预留集

!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]

非预留集

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_.~